Mobility of Heavy Metals associated with the Natural Weathering of Coal Spoils: A case Study of Okaba Coal Mine, Kogi State Nigeria
Keywords:
Mobility, Heavy metals, Coal spoils, Speciation, WeatheringAbstract
The mobility of heavy metals associated with natural weathering of coal spoils in three different mining sites was investigated using sequential extraction procedure and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometric detection. Results of this analysis indicated that the heavy metals under study (Pb, Cd, Cu and Ni) had concentration range from 0-29.623 μg/g (Pb) for Ogbo Systec mining site, 0-4.219 μg/g (Enejoh mining site) and 0-0.925 μg/g (Alhaji mining site). Ogbo Systec mining site showed a very high lead (Pb) value above EPA guideline than Enejoh and Alhaji mining site. Cd, Cu and Ni were all below the EPA value guideline. Copper in all the samples are highly mobile in the exchangeable phase and therefore available for bioaccumulation. Cd and Ni occurrence was attributed to their natural occurrence in the soil. The result of contamination factor for Pb in Ogbo Systec mining site indicates a moderate concentrate with contamination factor value of 2.01. The Pb contamination factor for Enejoh Alhaji mining sites together with Cd, Cu and Ni showed a low contamination values of >1. The geo-accumulation index analysis at the three mining sites was categorized as unpolluted to moderately polluted for Pb, Cd, and Cu. Ni was categorized as unpolluted.Downloads
References
[1] Nganje, T.N., Adamu .C.I., Ntekim E.E.,Ugbaja A.N., Neji, P. and Nfor E.N. (2010). Influence of mine drainage on water quality along River Nyaba in Enugu South Eastern Nigeria. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 4(3): 132-144. DOI: 10.5897/AJEST09.146.
[2] Shi., Y., M.U., X., Li., K. and Shao, H. (2016). Soil Characterization and differential patterns of heavy metal accumulation in woody plants grown in coal gangue wastelands in Sharanxi, China. Journal of Environmental Science, 23(1): 13489-13497. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6432-8
[3] Zhi, D., Congqianq, L. and Martin, J.H. (2002). Mobility of heavy metals associated with the natural weathering of coal mine spoils. Journal of Advance Research in Applied Science, 118(2): 419-426. DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(01)00285-8
[4] Irena, D.A., Benkova, M., Banov, M., Nenova, L. and Harizanova, M. (2018). Geochemical associations in technologic soils of contrasting hydrological characteristics from the region of maristsa – iztok coal mine in Bulgaria. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 24(2): 18-26.
[5] Ling, W., Yan, L., Haoran, W., Xinglan, C., Xiao, W., Antihuai, L., Xin, W., Wang, C. and Gan D. (2017). Weathering behavior and metal mobility of tailings under an extremely arid climate at Jinchuan Cu-Ni sulfide deposit, Western China. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 173(1): 1-12. DOI: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2016.11.009
[6] Rauret, G., Lopez-Sanchez, J.F., Sahuquillo, A., Rubio, R., Davidson, C., Ure, A. and Quevauviller, P. (1999). Improvement of the BCF three step sequentExtraction procedure prior to the certification of New sediment and soil reference material. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 1(1): 57-61. DOI: 10.1039/a807854h
[7] Abraham, G.M.S and Parker, R.J. (2008). Assessment of heavy metal enrichment factors and degree of contamination in marine Sediments from Tamaki Estuary, Auckland, New Zealand. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 136: 227-238. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-007-9678-2
[8] Gaur, V.K., Sanjay, K.G., Pandey, S.D., Gopal, K and Misra, V. (2005). Distribution Heavy metals in Sediment and water of River Gomti. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 102: 419-433. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-005-6395-6
[9] Wedepohl, K. (1995). The composition of the continental crust. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 59: 1217–1232. DOI: 10.1016/0016 -7037 (95) 00038
[10] Muller, G. (1969). Index of geoaccumulation in Sediments of the Rhine River. Geojournal, 2: 108-118. Corpus ID: 128079163
[11] Hakanson, L. (1980). Ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control, a sedimentological approach. Water Research, 14: 975-1001. DOI: 10.1016/0043-1354 (80) 90143-8.
[12] Dang, Z., Liu, C. and Haigh, M.J. (2002). Mobility of heavy metals associated with the natural weathering of Coal mine Spoils. Environmental Pollution, 118: 419-426. DOI: 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00285-8
[13] Bhuiyan, M.A.H., Islam. M.A., Dampare. S.B., Parvez. L. and Suzuki, S. (2010). Evaluation of hazardous metal pollution in irrigation and drinking water systems in the vicinity of a coal mine area of Northwestern Bangladesh. J, Hazard Mater., 179(1): 1065-1077. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.03.114
[14] Agustin, G.A., Valenzuela–Gracia, J.L., Salvador, A., Diana, M.V., Jorge, R.H. and Gabriel, O. (2007). Chemical Partitioning of Sediment contamination by heavy metals in the San Pedro River, Sonora, Mexico. Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability, 19(1): 25-35. DOI: 10.3184/095422907X198013
[15] Jerry, R.M., John. P.G. and Kyle, C. (2019). Concentrations, Mobility, and Potentialecological risks of selected metals within compost amended, reclaimed coal mine soils, tropical. South Sumatra, Indonesia. Environmental Science, 6(4): 298-325. DOI: 10.3934/environsci.2019.4.298
[16] United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (1977). Guidance for the Pollutional classification of Great Lakes Harbour Sediments, Regio V. Chicago.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
