Chemical Speciation of some selected Heavy Metals in Soil from the Obajana Industrial Zone Kogi State, Nigeria
Keywords:
Industrial discharge, Heavy metal, Soil, FAAS, Pollution, Speciation.Abstract
The speciation of selected heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu and Ni) from soil found at Obajana industrial site was carried out with FAAS detection. The results of this speciation showed that Pb concentration ranged from 0-3.228 µg/g for soil sample from Operating Office and 0-0.05 µg/g (Cd), 0-0.511 µg/g (Cu) and 0-0.431 µg/g (Ni). The total values of the Pb, Cd, Cu and Ni at the Operating Office are 4.031 µg/g, 0.057 µg/g, 0.964 µg/g and 0.431 µg/g respectively. The metals in soil samples from the Power Point with the exception of Ni did not show any presence in the exchangeable phase. However Ni was detected at the exchangeable phase with a concentration of 0.021 µg/g. The total metal concentrations at the Power Point site are 3.597 µg/g (Pb), 0.338 µg/g (Cd), 0.806 µg/g (Cu) and 1.052 µg/g (Ni). The total heavy metal contents at Line 3A are 0.868 µg/g (Pb), 0.064 µg/g (Cd), 1.245 µg/g (Cu) and Ni was not detected in any of the fractions. The soil sample Close To The River showed a Pb concentration of 0.224±0.001 µg/g with a total concentration value of 1.467 µg/g. For the soil from Workshop, the observed concentrations are 4.632 µg/g (Pb), 0.385 µg/g (Cd) and 1.17 µg/g (Cu), while Ni was not detected. The result showed that all the heavy elements are all below EPA sediment quality guidelines except for Cd at soil sample from the Workshop which is a bit higher than the recommended EPA value, suggesting the soil from the Workshop is polluted and unfit for agricultural purpose. The enrichment factor analysis result show that Pb, Cd and Cu in samples are extremely severe in enrichment of their site. However, Cd in Operating Office occurred as no enrichment factor, while Ni was observed as no enrichment in all the samples. The risk index factor analysis showed that Cd in samples from the Power Point and Workshop are of high risk index while Pb occur as low risk index.Downloads
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