Heavy Metal Fractionation and Leachability studies on Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) from Lokoja, Kogi State Nigeria
Keywords:
Municipal Solid Waste, heavy metals, pollution, speciation, FAAS, fractionationAbstract
The heavy metal content and fractionation of dry, partially decomposed and wet Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) from Lokoja, Nigeria was carried out using FAAS detection. The results from the dry MSW sample indicated a concentration of 0-0.004±0-0.001 μg/g for Pb in the exchangeable fraction while Cu concentration at the exchangeable fraction is 0.146 μg/g. The bound to carbonate fraction for Pb was slightly elevated with the concentration of 4-908±0-001 μg/g while the organic content is 2.004±0.001 μg/g. The total Pb concentration at the dry MSW was 8.46 μg/g. Cd and Ni where only detected in the residual fraction with concentration of 0.168 μg/g (Cd) and 1.02±0.001 μg/g (Ni). The partially decomposed MSW has a much higher Pb and Cu content with total value of 22.122 μg/g and 23.123 μg/g respectively. The exchangeable fraction for Pb and Cu are 1.544 μg/g (Pb) and 3.582±0.005 μg/g (Cu). This is an indication that at the partially decomposed MSW, Pb and Cu are highly mobile. Their carbonate bound fractions are equally high with concentration of 16.684±0.004 μg/g (Pb) and 12.85±0.004 μg/g (Cu). Cd and Ni had total concentration of 0.135 μg/g (Cd) and 1.037 μg/g (Ni). The fresh MSW sample indicated only Cu at the exchangeable fraction (0.786±0.002 μg/g) while Cd and Ni were detected only in the residual fractions. Thus, the partially decomposed MSW has the highest concentration of the heavy metal under study. The enrichment factors for Pb, Cd, Cu and Ni have extremely severe enrichment. Pb, Cu, and Ni showed a low risk in the three samples. Cd found at Natako exhibited a moderate risk to the environment and for Ganaja and Felele, the Cd risk index is of low risk to the environment.Downloads
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