Effect of Portland Cement Powder On Liver Enzyme, Hepatosomatic and Gonadosomatic Index of African Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus)
Keywords:
Cement Powder, Liver Enzyme, Hepatosomatic index, Gonadosomatic index, African CatfishAbstract
This study is designed to evaluate the effect of Portland cement powder (PCP) on liver enzyme, hepatosomatic and gonadosomatic index of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). A total number of 130 juvenile African catfish of the same brood stock, both males and females (weighing 11-13g and length 11-13cm) were used for this study. The Fish were obtained from Faculty of Agriculture demonstration farm, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers state. They were transported in oxygenated plastic containers to the Department of Animal and Environmental Biology laboratory where they were placed in 100 liters capacity plastic aquarium (per group) with well aerated borehole water to acclimatize in laboratory condition for 14 days. The fish were distributed into five experimental groups of equal sexes i.e. nine males and nine females per group. The experiment lasted for the period of 3 months during which fish were fed with Blue crown at 08:00 and 16:00 hour each day and toxicant media were changed every 48 hours. At the end of each month, three males and three females’ fish were taken from each group to the laboratory for analysis. The various parameter analyzed include; Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Hepatosomatic Index (HIS) and Gonadosomatic Index (GSI), the result obtained, showed that effect of PCP on AST and ALT of African catfish was significant (P < 0.05) while insignificant (P > 0.05) on ALP. No significant effect (P > 0.05) was observed on HIS and GSI of exposed African catfish when compared to the control groups after 3 months.Downloads
References
[1] Adamu, K. M. (2010). Biochemical parameters of the juvenile African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) exposed to sublethal concentrations of Portland cement powder in solution. Biology and Environment, 110, 165–172.
[2] Andrey, J. (2021). Bees and their products as indicators of environmental pollution. Medycyna Weterynaryna, 43(6), 352–356.
[3] Babson, A. L., Greeley S. J., Coleman C. M. and Phillips G.E. (1966). Phenolphthalein monophosphate as a substrate for serum alkaline phosphatase. Clinical Chemistry, 12, 482-490.
[4] Barse, A. V., Chakrabarti, T., Ghosh, K., Pal, A. K. and Jadhao, S. B. (2006). One-tenth dose of LC of 4-tertbutylphenol causes endocrine disruption and metabolic changes in Cyprinus carpio. Pesticide Biochemical Physiology, 86, 172-179.
[5] Bolger, T. and Connolly, P. L. (1999). The selection of suitable indexes for the measurement and analysis of fish condition. Journal of Fish Biology, 34, 171-182.
[6] Cesar, V. and Lepedus, H. (2001). Peroxidase activity, soluble proteins and chlorophyll content in Spruce (Picea abies) needles affected by cement dusts. Acta Botanica Croatica, 60, 227–235.
[7] Crestani, M., Menezes, C., Glusczak. L., Miron, D. S. and Lazzari, R. (2015). Effects of clomazone herbicide on hematological and some parameters of protein and carbohydrate metabolism of silver catfish Rhamdia quelen. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 65, 48-55.
[8] Dewi, N. K. and Probowo, R. (2017). Determination of Liver somatic index (LSI) and gonadosomatic index (GSI) value of Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Nile tilapia (Perca fluviatilis). International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 7(6), 220-223.
[9] Dina, N. P., Priyanka, D. and Moti, L. G. (2019). Heapto-Somatic Index, Gonado-Somatic Index and Condition Factor of Anabas testudineus as Bio-Monitoring Tools of Nickel and Chromium Toxicity. International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology, 12, 2319-1058.
[10] Dorcas, I. K. and Solomon, R. J. (2014). Calculation of Liver function test in Clarias gariepinus collected from three commercial fish ponds. Nature and Science, 12(1), 10-15.
[11] Enviromental Technology Program for Industry, (1996). Responding to the Environmental Challenge: A survey of Pakistans Manufacturing and Industrial Sector: Cement Industry, Karach, Pakistan. http//www.etpi.org.pk
[12] Gholami, S. S. J., Mirvaghefi, A., Farahmand, H. and Kosari, A. A. (2013). Effect of a glyphosate-based herbicide in Cyprinus carpio: Assessment of acetylcholinesterase activity, hematological responses and serum biochemical parameters. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 98, 135-141.
[13] Huuskonen, S. and Seppa, P. L. (1995). Hepatic cytochrome P4501A and other biotransformation activities in perch (Perca fluviatilis) – the effects of unbleached pulp-mill effluents. Aquacultural Toxicology, 31, 27-41.
[14] Jalkanen, L., Makinene, A., Hasanen. E. and Juhanoja, J. (2000). The effects of large anthropogenic particulate emissions on atmospheric aerosols deposition, and bioindicatiors in the Eastern Gulf of Finland Region. The Science of the Total Environment, 262, 123–136.
[15] Johansson, N., Larsson, A. and Lewander, K. (2007). Metabolic effects of PCB on brown trout (Slamo trutta). Comparative and General Pharmacology, 3, 310-314.
[16] Karan, V., Vitorovic, S., Tutundsie, V. and Polesksie, V. (2011). Functional enzymes activity and gill histology of carp after copper sulfate exposure and recovery. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 40, 49-55.
[17] Legator, M. S., Singleton, C. R., Morris, D. L. and Philips, D. L. (2023). The health effects of living near cement kilns; A Sympton survey in Midlothian, Texas. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 14, 829–842.
[18] Lepedus, H., Cesar, V. and Suver, M. (2003). The Annual changes of chloroplast pigments contents in current and previous-year needles of Norway Spruce (Picea abies) exposed to cement dust pollution. Acta Botanica Croatica, 62, 27–35.
[19] Manoj, K. (1999). Mercury, copper and cadmium induced changes in the total protein levels in muscle tissue of an edible estauring fish Boleopthalmus dessumuri. Journal Environmental Biology, 20, 231-234.
[20] Mingming, Z., Pei, H., Guo, Q., Jiawei, W., Jintian, H. and Xiutang, Y. (2019). Distribution, sources, and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments of the Sebei Shoal, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 149, 110-640.
[21] Mir, F. A., Ghulam, M. S., Ulfat, J. and Javaid I. M. (2012). Studies on influences of sublethal concentrations of Organophosphate Pesticide; Dichlorvos (DDVP) on gonadosomatic index (GSI) of female common carp, Cyprinus carpio communis. American-Eurasian Journal of Toxicological Sciences, 4(2), 67-71.
[22] Ogedengbe, K. and Oke, A. O. (2019). Pollution impact of cement production on air, soil and water in a production location in Nigeria. Journal of Science and Technology, 31(2), 46-56.
[23] Pauly, D. (1983). Some simple methods for the assessment of tropical fish stocks. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. FAO, Rome.
[24] Ponsby, A. L., Couper, D., Dwyer, T., Carmichael, A., Kemp, A. and Cochrane, J. (2000). The relation between infant indoor and environment and subsequent asthma. Epidemiology, 11, 128–135.
[25] Reitman, S. and Frankel, S. (1957). A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamate oxaloacetate and glutamate pyruvate transaminase. American Journal of clinical Pathology, 28, 56-63.
[26] Robert, K. M., Victor, W. R., David, B., Kathleen, M. B. and Anthony, P. W. and Peter, J. K. (2011). Harpers Illustrated Biochemistry (Lange Medical Book), 28th Edition, Volum 28. McGraw-Hill.
[27] Rotkin-Ellman, M., Wong, K. K. and Solomon, G. M. (2012). Seafood contamination after the BP Gulf oil spill and risks to vulnerable populations: A critique of the FDA risk assessment. Environmental Health Perspective, 120, 157-161.
[28] Sandstrom, O., Larsson, A., Andersson, J., Appelberg, M., Bignert, A., Ek, H., Forlin, L. and Olsson, M. (2005). Three decades Swedish experience stresses the need of integrated long-term monitoring in marine coastal areas. Water Quality Research Journal of Canada, 40(3), 233-250.
[29] Shalaka, S. and Pragna, P. (2013). Gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices of Freshwater Fish Oreochromis mossambicus in response to a Plant Nutrient. World Journal of Zoology, 8(1), 110-118.
[30] Singh, S. K. and Srivastava, A. K. (2015). Variations in hepatosomatic index (HSI) and gonadosomatic index (GSI) in Fish Heteropneustes fossilis Exposed to Higher Sub-Lethal Concentration of arsenic and copper. Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health, 15(3), 26-30.
[31] Sivakumar, S. and Britto, A. J. (1995). Effect of cement pollution on soil fertility. Journal of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Monitoring, 5(2), 147–149.
[32] Tyson, C. A. and Sawhney, D. S. (2010). Organ function tests in toxicology evalution. Noyes, publication, New Jersey USA. Pp: 103-114.
[33] United States Census Bureau, (2022). Economic Census. http//www.census.gov/epcd/www/econ97.html
.
[34] Van der Oost, R., Beyer, J. and Vermeulan, N. P. E. (2003). Fish bioaccumulation and biomarkers in environmental risk assessment: a review. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 13(2), 57-149.
[35] Van-Oss, H. G. and Padovani, A. C. (2003). Cement manufacturing and the environment, Part II. Environmental Challenges and Opportunities, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Yale University, 7(1), 93–126.
[36] Wang, H. D., Ryan, L. and Xu, X. (1997). Association between air pollution and low birth weight: A community based study. Environmental Health Perspectives, 105, 514–520.
[37] Wedemeyer, G. A. and Yasutake, W. T. (1995). Clinical methods of the effect of environmental stress on fish health. Aquacultural Sciences, 15, 47-49.
[38] World Bank, (1998). Pollution Prevention and Abatement Hand Book – Part III: Cement Manufacturing Washington, D.C., World Bank, United States.
[39] World Health Organization, (1999). Public Health and Chemical Incidents: Guidance for National and Regional Policy Makers Cardiff U.K: University of Wales Institute, WHO Collaborating Centre for Chemical incidents.
[40] Worrell, E. L., Price, N., Martin, C. H. and Leticia, O. M. (2001). Carbon dioxide emissions from the global cement industry. Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, 20, 303-329.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
