Characterization of Clove Bud and Orange Peel Extracts for the Dissolution of Calcium Carbonate Precipitate
Keywords:
Dissolution, Antiscalants, Phytochemicals, Scales, SEM, FTIR GC-MSAbstract
This research strives to showcase that green chemistry could be leveraged in enhancing flow assurance performance of fluids during industrial activities of fluids transportation. In oil and gas as well as water purification industries, precipitation of dissolved salts caused the formation of scales; these block fluids transportation pathways and reduce the efficiency of these processes. Two natural products extracts; aqueous extract from clove (Syzygium aromaticum) buds and methanolic extract from orange fruit (Citrus sinensis) peels were used to dissolve CaCO3 that was used as scale. The proximate analysis of the extracts showed that orange peels extract was more alkaline as it contained the higher amounts of alkaloids while clove bud extract was more acidic as it contained less. Gas Chromatographic mass spectrophotometric (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyses were used to deduce the chemical components present in these extracts and the results showed that there were variations in their composition and also in the composition of commercial antiscalants that were reviewed from other works. The commercial antiscalants were said to be produced from synthetic organic monomers with multipolymer components detected in the analytical instrument and multipolymer components were also detected in the plant extracts. From the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Instrument analysis, clove bud aqueous extract performed better than the orange peel methanolic extract, as the pore sizes of calcium carbonate was reduced by 13.0 and 2.5 times respectively during dissolution.Downloads
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